Dr Kashinath Basu

The WiMAX technology provides wireless QoS-enabled broadband access for fixed and mobile users at the metropolitan level. It is end-to-end IP based and provides a rich set of QoS support for multimedia-based ubiquitous computing. The main contribution of WiMAX in terms of technology has been over its radio interface, which is based on the IEEE 802.16-2004 and 802.16e protocols. It is a two layer protocol stack, which provides a very robust QoS framework. At the physical layer, it focuses on optimising the use of radio resources. In the MAC layer, the main focus is on efficient scheduling and allocation of bandwidth to meet the QoS requirements of IP sessions. This chapter investigates the WiMAX architecture, its components, and the QoS support provided by the IEEE 802.16 protocol stack. It also examines mobility management issues, end-to-end QoS, and current and future application areas of the technology.

The mobile agent paradigm has received considerable attention in recent years for its wide applications in various areas of computing technology. This has led to the development of several commercial, as well as research oriented mobile agent systems. Recently, mobile agent technology is being employed for providing mobility support in networking and telecommunication environments. This article outlines various uses and types of mobile agents, along with their benefits, and limitations. The authors provide an insight into the application of mobile agents to support mobility management, focusing on ongoing research and recent research development efforts. Potential challenges associated with using mobile agents for mobility purposes are also discussed.

A significant proportion of the traffic on the 4th generation of mobile networks (4G) will be interactive multimedia traffic. This chapter presents the development and evaluation of an edge device model for the lu interface of a 4G network for mapping the Quality of Service (QoS) requirements and traffic characteristics of aggregated IP traffic flows belonging to multiple classes of continuous media (Audio and Video) sources and data classes from the core network onto a single ATM Virtual Channel (VC) at the access network. This model was developed as part of a wider range of research activity focused on supporting QoS in future mobile networks.

Using credit cards is a convenient and efficient payment mechanism. Credit card fraud significantly impacts financial loss, mental health, and the reputation of financial institutions. This study would incorporate an analysis of the preceding statement about eliminating several obstacles associated with the availability of public data, the presence of unbalanced data, the dynamic nature of fraud tendencies, and the prevalence of false alarms. The authors discuss various machine-learning techniques used to detect credit card fraud. Extreme Learning, Decision Trees, Random Forests, Support Vector Machines, Logistic Regression, and XG Boost are among these techniques on the European card benchmark dataset. A comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of machine learning has also been conducted, and precision is increased by incorporating multiple layers. The study’s findings indicate significant improvements in several crucial metrics, including accuracy, f1-score, precision, and AUC curves. XGBoost model achieves optimized values of 99.9% accuracy. The proposed model outperforms contemporary machine learning approaches in credit card fraud detection. It has been observed that the combination of data balancing techniques significantly reduces the occurrence of false negatives. This study has substantial potential for credit card fraud detection applications in the real world, providing an effective and efficient method for addressing this ongoing critical issue.

Estimates show that a significant proportion of future ICT related energy consumption will be from Cloud Computing. Based on detail analysis and survey of energy consumption and optimization trends in cloud computing, this research presents a comprehensive end-to-end energy consumption model of a cloud facility extending from the end-user equipment to the data center facility. The model is subdivided into three planes and four associated layers and depicts the cross-plane and cross-layer relationships between the components in terms of energy consumption and potential optimization areas and provides a reference framework for planning power optimization strategies at a cloud facility. 

Social media application are becoming multimedia centric with live and stored video, audio, augmented reality, haptic, etc. emerging as the main categories of traffic. Their QoS requirements are more stringent than their legacy counterparts. At the carrier level, Software Defined – Wide Area Network (SD-WAN) is one of the promising technologies for transporting these multimedia traffic. A SD-WAN will typically have a mesh of centralized controllers managing the networking infrastructure. Reliable operations of these controllers are a key requirement for the successful operation of the WAN. Controller failure will prevent the forwarding switches from communicating with the controller. This will prevent the switches from forwarding any new traffic, as well as flow entries from existing traffic will also time out after a period bringing the network to a standstill. Rebooting a controller or starting a new one will introduce delays degrading the QoS. This research presents an architecture for handling controller failure via transparent migration of the controller load in a semi-meshed controller environment. The architecture includes a real time cloud-based centralized storage of the flow states north of the controllers and a virtualized connection management unit at the south. The results demonstrate that the proposed model can transparently handle controller failure without affecting the QoS.

This paper focuses on the firm real-time requirements of Time-Critical Wide Area Measurement and Control systems for future Smart Grids. It outlines the findings from the first stage in an ongoing body of work aimed at developing models and techniques that will enable the performance evaluation of these systems to take place prior to their implementation. It then discusses the first phase in the second stage of this project that addresses the problem of evaluation in cases where the output from system's devices is variable. It then presents some preliminary findings and outlines the direction for future work.

Software-Defined Networks (SDN) has emerged as a dominant programmable network architecture for cloud based data centers. Its centralised programmable control plane decoupled from the data plane with a global view of the network state provides new opportunities to implement innovate security mechanisms. This research leverages this features of SDN and presents the architecture of a hierarchical and lightweight Intrusion Detection System (IDS) for software enabled networks by exploiting the concept of SDN flows. It combines advantages of a flow-based IDS and a packet-based IDS in order to provide a high detection rate without degrading network performances. The flow-based IDS uses an anomaly detection algorithm based on Support Vector Machines (SVM) trained with DARPA Intrusion Detection Dataset . This first line of defence detects any intrusions on the network. When an attack is detected, the malicious flow is mirrored to a packet-based IDS, for further examination and actions. The results show that this scheme provides good detection rates and performances with minimal extra overhead. 

This paper focuses on the multiservice aspects of the Smart Grid communications system with 

particular emphasis on the real time requirements of its control system. A general outline of 

the Smart Grid is presented and its general communications requirements are identified. The 

stringent real-time requirements of substation and transmission line control are discussed in 

greater detail. An overview of previous and current research into multiservice networking is 

given with the aim of identifying areas that need to be revisited, and extended, in order to meet 

the real time needs of the Smart Grid. The paper then presents proposals for future research 

into number of specific areas relevant to meeting these requirements. 

This paper focuses on the multiservice aspects of the Smart Grid communications system with particular emphasis on the real time requirements of its control system. A general outline of the Smart Grid is presented and its general communications requirements are identified. The stringent real-time requirements of substation and transmission line control are discussed in greater detail. An overview of previous and current research into multiservice networking is given with the aim of identifying areas that need to be revisited, and extended, in order to meet the real time needs of the Smart Grid. The paper then presents proposals for future research into number of specific areas relevant to meeting these requirements.

This paper addresses the challenge of developing communications architecture for the Smart Grid. It considers the similarity between the QoS requirements for Smart Grid communication and those addressed by previous work into multiservice networks and QoS Architectures. It discusses this previous work within the context of Smart Grid requirements and identifies the contribution it could make to the development of Smart Grid communications architecture.

Real-time peer-to-peer (P2P) streaming video traffic will constitute a significant proportion of future Internet traffic. With the availability of WiMAX, a large number of these peers will be ubiquitous and located on WiMAX based mobile nodes across the Internet. This chapter proposed a framework for providing quality of service (QoS) to the overlay P2P network over a WiMAX infrastructure. The work integrates traffic engineering and analytical based approach and has been validated with results from experiments.

This paper presents the development and evaluation of a model for mapping the quality of service (QoS) requirements and traffic characteristics of aggregated IP traffic flows belonging to multiple classes of continuous media (audio and video) sources onto a single ATM virtual channel (VC) that is also shared with a number of IP data classes. This model was developed as part of a wider range of research activity focused on supporting QoS in future IP networks. The model presented in this paper offers improvements on an earlier model that used an "idealized" scheduler and was validated only for homogeneous continuous media sources. The paper discusses the improved scheduling mechanism that can minimize the effects of imperfections in cell level scheduling and presents a simulation experiment to validate the new model for aggregated heterogeneous continuous media sources.

This paper presents a simulation study into the problem of conveying IP packets over an ATM network in cases where quality of service (QoS) is an important consideration. The main focus of the work is on mapping IP packet flows onto ATM cell streams, in particular for the purpose of maintaining the QoS requirements of continuous media (audio and video) traffic. Simulation models of two different flow-mapping scenarios are described, and results of an evaluation of the flow mapping process are presented. These results are also used to validate analytical solutions to the problem, which have been developed in separate work.

IP/MPLS networks use packet switching (with the feature store-and-forward) and are based on statistical multiplexing.  Statistical multiplexing is essentially a variant of time division multiplexing, which refers to the asynchronous and dynamic allocation of link timeslot resources.  In this case, the service flow does not occupy a fixed timeslot, and the length of the timeslot is not fixed, but depends on the size of the packet.  Statistical multiplexing has certain challenges and complexity in meeting deterministic QoS, and its delay performance is dependent on the the used queueing mechanism.  This document further describes a generic time division multiplexing scheme in IP/MPLS networks, which we call packet timeslot scheme.  It aims to make it easier for the control plane to calculate the delay performance and more flexible to allocate deterministic resources, and also make it easier for the data plane to create more flexible timeslot mapping.